{
  "country_code": "LR",
  "id": "liberia-poro-spirit-voice-whistle",
  "title": "Liberia's Poro spirit voice: the instrument in a 1941 record",
  "category": "signal",
  "date": "1941-01-01",
  "date_label": "Year of Harley's publication, not a dated anomalous sound",
  "location": "Liberian communities documented by Harley; country-level marker",
  "lat": 6.6,
  "lng": -9.5,
  "summary": "A published ethnographic record labels a whistle as making a spirit's voice. The inquiry distinguishes an instrument, an observer's wording and the meanings of a ritual sound.",
  "documented_claim": "The reproduced 1941 illustration list labels a whistle as making a spirit's voice.",
  "unproven_claim": "The publication authenticates a sound with no human or instrumental source.",
  "sources": [
    {
      "title": "G. W. Harley — Notes on the Poro in Liberia (1941), reproduced contents and plates",
      "url": "https://www.webguinee.net/bibliotheque/culture/harley41/toc.html",
      "language": "English",
      "kind": "Modern transcription of a primary ethnographic publication",
      "note": "Illustration-list wording reviewed; full original field documentation not examined.",
      "id": "S1",
      "accessed_on": "2026-09-30"
    },
    {
      "title": "Harvard Peabody Museum — Publication catalogue",
      "url": "https://peabody.harvard.edu/all-publications?page=8",
      "language": "English",
      "kind": "Primary publisher bibliographic record",
      "note": "Confirms the 1941 work and series; same source family, not an independent sound observation.",
      "id": "S2",
      "accessed_on": "2026-09-30"
    }
  ],
  "country": "Liberia",
  "author": "Eklipsis",
  "content_languages": [
    "en"
  ],
  "path": "/investigations/liberia-poro-spirit-voice-whistle",
  "source_url": "https://www.webguinee.net/bibliotheque/culture/harley41/toc.html",
  "location_precision": "region",
  "location_note": "Approximate orientation marker for the named locality, not an exact encounter, burial, ritual or excavation position.",
  "location_source_url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/?mlat=6.6&mlon=-9.5#map=8/6.6/-9.5",
  "reviewed_on": "2026-09-30",
  "edition": 1,
  "truth_type": "unknown",
  "verdict": "A dated publication documents an instrument associated with a spirit-voice description. Supernatural sound production is not established.",
  "sections": [
    {
      "title": "The mystery and the documented account",
      "text": "George W. Harley's Notes on the Poro in Liberia appeared in 1941 in Harvard's Peabody Museum Papers. The reproduced contents and illustration list identify a whistle in plate XIV as used to make a spirit's voice, alongside masks and other documented objects. The Peabody's publication catalogue confirms the work and series. This is evidence of a historical observer's description and a depicted instrument, rather than an independently recorded disembodied voice. Harley's outsider terminology and interpretations require critical comparison with specifically attributed community accounts.",
      "refs": [
        "S1",
        "S2"
      ]
    },
    {
      "title": "The question worth investigating",
      "text": "What does the original illustration show, and how does the observer's label relate to participant understandings of the sound?",
      "refs": []
    },
    {
      "title": "Evidence, provenance and uncertainty",
      "text": "The complete field recording history is unavailable, and no anomalous audio was authenticated. The modern transcript and publisher catalogue refer to one historical work. No claim is made that every Poro community uses the same instrument or meaning, and restricted ceremonies are not targets for intrusion.",
      "refs": [
        "S1",
        "S2"
      ]
    },
    {
      "title": "Inspector’s assessment",
      "text": "A dated publication documents an instrument associated with a spirit-voice description. Supernatural sound production is not established.",
      "refs": []
    },
    {
      "title": "Next research and discriminating evidence",
      "text": "Compare the original plate, catalogue numbers and authorized historical descriptions. Distinguish acoustic source, performance meaning and observer interpretation without attempting to expose private rituals.",
      "refs": []
    }
  ],
  "timeline": [
    {
      "date": "1941",
      "text": "Harley publishes Notes on the Poro in Liberia.",
      "refs": [
        "S1"
      ]
    },
    {
      "date": "Plate XIV",
      "text": "The illustration list includes the whistle; this is a document locator, not an event date.",
      "refs": [
        "S1"
      ]
    },
    {
      "date": "23 June 2017",
      "text": "WebGuinée dates its modern presentation of the historical contents.",
      "refs": [
        "S1"
      ]
    },
    {
      "date": "30 September 2026",
      "text": "Eklipsis compiles this English documentary investigation from the named sources. No field visit or new eyewitness interview is claimed.",
      "refs": []
    }
  ],
  "claims": [
    {
      "text": "The reproduced 1941 illustration list labels a whistle as making a spirit's voice.",
      "status": "Documented in the named record",
      "refs": [
        "S1"
      ]
    },
    {
      "text": "The publication authenticates a sound with no human or instrumental source.",
      "status": "Not established by the selected evidence",
      "refs": [
        "S1",
        "S2"
      ]
    },
    {
      "text": "A dated publication documents an instrument associated with a spirit-voice description. Supernatural sound production is not established.",
      "status": "Editorial assessment; stated limits apply",
      "refs": []
    }
  ],
  "hypotheses": [
    {
      "title": "An instrument expressing a spirit's presence in performance",
      "status": "Historical observer's description",
      "support": "The illustration list explicitly names a whistle.",
      "limits": "The description does not supply participant testimony for every context.",
      "test": "Compare original object documentation and authorized descriptions."
    },
    {
      "title": "Different layers of observer and participant interpretation",
      "status": "Source-critical inquiry",
      "support": "The record is an outsider's ethnographic publication.",
      "limits": "No alternative community explanation is established here.",
      "test": "Compare attributed terminology and provenance without generalizing across communities."
    }
  ],
  "tasks": [
    {
      "title": "Trace the earliest accessible record",
      "body": "For Liberia's Poro spirit voice: the instrument in a 1941 record, record author or storyteller, collection date, language, translation, page and exact scope. Distinguish evidence of a story being told from evidence of its events. Note which full documents remain unavailable."
    },
    {
      "title": "Investigate the central question",
      "body": "Compare the original plate, catalogue numbers and authorized historical descriptions. Distinguish acoustic source, performance meaning and observer interpretation without attempting to expose private rituals."
    },
    {
      "title": "Compare explanations without merging evidence",
      "body": "Compare original object documentation and authorized descriptions. Compare attributed terminology and provenance without generalizing across communities. Preserve contradictions and unsuccessful searches; proposed work remains unperformed."
    }
  ]
}